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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling which is utilized in order to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, which is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is same as a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanical clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a substantial difference between input and output rotational speed.
The most popular kind of torque converter used in car transmissions is the fluid coupling type. During the 1920s there was also the Constantinesco or also known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are other mechanical designs used for constantly variable transmissions which can multiply torque. Like for example, the Variomatic is one type which has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling cannot multiply torque. Torque converters have an component referred to as a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics all through occasions of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
Inside a torque converter, there are at least of three rotating parts: the turbine, so as to drive the load, the impeller that is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the impeller and the turbine so that it could change oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under whatever situation and this is where the term stator originates from. In truth, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still enabling forward rotation.
Adjustments to the basic three element design have been incorporated sometimes. These modifications have proven worthy particularly in application where higher than normal torque multiplication is needed. Most commonly, these adjustments have taken the form of many stators and turbines. Each and every set has been intended to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Several examples include the Dynaflow which makes use of a five element converter so as to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different car converters consist of a lock-up clutch in order to lessen heat and in order to improve the cruising power and transmission effectiveness, though it is not strictly component of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
