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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used in order to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or seventy meters.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would first have to be brought to the construction site by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machine part of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these sections are attached to the mast. Afterward, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be a few of the other industrial equipment that is utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra twenty feet or 6.1m. Then, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast part piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions such as wind should be taken into account. The word loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. To be able to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the cargo has to be equally distributed throughout the container.
Having an evenly distributed cargo it is advantageous to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, in order to maintain safety. An even load helps to avoid unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the load distribution in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is extremely important that the designers of containers and handling machines take this into consideration in the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
To be able to make certain that the equipment used is perfect for the load, care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Particular attention needs to be paid to the risk of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like for instance a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging cargo, great care should be taken when lifting these.
